At what speed does the camshaft rotate in relation to the crankshaft?

The camshaft rotates at half the speed of the crankshaft due to the way internal combustion engines are designed. The crankshaft is responsible for converting the linear motion of the pistons into rotational motion, while the camshaft's role is to operate the engine’s valves at the correct times in relation to the position of the pistons.

In a conventional setup, the crankshaft typically drives the camshaft through a timing belt or chain. Since the camshaft needs to open and close the valves once for every two rotations of the crankshaft—matching the two-stroke cycle of the pistons—this results in the camshaft rotating at half the speed. This timing is vital for the engine's performance, ensuring that the valves open and close precisely when needed to allow air and fuel in, and exhaust gases out.

This relationship between the two shafts is fundamental to engine operation, allowing for efficient timing and performance. Thus, recognizing that the camshaft operates at half the speed of the crankshaft is crucial for understanding engine mechanics and design.